作者:梅佳
本文来源:中国日报双语新闻(Chinadaily_Mobile)
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刘慈欣同名中篇小说改编的《流浪地球》于2019年2月5日,农历大年初一正式上映,迅速掀起了中国科幻新热潮。
电影海报
在电影上映前,很多参加过试看片活动的学者、作家、记者、名流等都很激动,认为中国科幻电影的元年就要开启,并且掀起一阵期待《三体》影视化产品成功出现的热潮。
作为监制的大刘本人似乎也比较满意,但还是在上映前的采访中留有余地:“当然《流浪地球》的成功,会给之后中国的科幻电影一个很好的开端和起步。”毕竟票房在当时还仍是个问号。
因为选角、或者就是对科幻的陌生,网上也出现了别的声音。
《中国青年报》一位记者观影后说:
“大年初一你去看《流浪地球》,未必打到个人观影史的惊艳分,但肯定会感觉:天,总算正常了,这口气久违地顺了。国产科幻片需要一个‘正常’的元年。”
而科幻作家陈楸帆则撰文说,在观看过程中,他需要不断提醒自己“这真的是中国自己拍出来的科幻片”。
“对于我来说,《流浪地球》最大的成就在于解决了一个困扰中国科幻电影多年的难题:如何将中国人和中国元素不违和地融入科幻设定中。这是一个历史性的接受美学问题,跟科幻类型的舶来品源头有关,也与观众长期形成的审美习惯有关。”
“《流浪地球》中的中国人和中国元素真正做到了基本不雷、不尬,不囧,从最小的标识符号、器具细节,到末日后的中国城市景观、地下城春节,再到中国人成为救世英雄,中国“归乡”情节的普世化升华,无不自然流畅,服务于主题故事,又让观者能够产生结构性的文化共鸣与审美体验,这真的是不下一番苦功夫,光模仿欧美科幻片皮毛必然是无法做到的。我们终于有了真正属于中国人自己的科幻商业大片,以中国人所熟悉的情感结构与审美方式去讲述一个关于科技、时空、文明的人类命运共同体的故事。”
联想前段时间《巨齿鲨》里李冰冰的表演和国语都有人表示违和和质疑,这么看来,《流浪地球》迈出了那一步。
其实,国外的观众也很期待。
随着北美、澳大利亚、新西兰等地于2月8日上映《流浪地球》,外国朋友在上映前就表示看好:
“太惊艳了。谁知道呢,中国也许就是地球上最后一个超级大国。毕竟人家刚在原本不可能登陆的月球背面,登陆了。”
“中国在观念上对未来的看法就更多指代的是合力建设人类命运共同体,而不是个人英雄主义,不论是预告片还是原著都透露出这个信息。”
Gautham Shenoy撰文《讲述中国故事:中国科幻文学的崛起》称《流浪地球》是实现零突破的科幻大片(China’s breakout sci-fi blockbuster)。
陈楸帆用一句来概括《流浪地球》的故事核心:
未来,太阳膨胀将吞没地球,人类不得不团结一致,建造遍布全球的巨大行星发动机,将整个地球推离现有轨道,前往宇宙深处寻找新的家园。
他还点评说,这是非常典型的刘慈欣式宏大想象,在行星尺度上制造极端情景与终极抉择,以及由此而带来的崇高审美体验。
将地球变为超大型宇宙飞船?刘慈欣的原著充斥着对未来驰骋的想象,精准而又壮观的细节描写,以及一波三折的人类命运。
点击下方↓9分钟带你了解《流浪地球》原著
https://v.qq.com/x/page/c08309b4bc3.html
我们找来了《流浪地球》(The Wandering Earth)英文版的原著片段与大家分享:
开头部分
I have never seen the night. I have never seen the stars. I have never seen spring, fall, or winter. I was born as the Braking Era ended, just as the Earth stopped turning.
我没见过黑夜,我没见过星星,我没见过春天、秋天和冬天。我出生在刹车时代结束的时候,那时地球刚刚停止转动。
It had taken forty-two years to halt Earth’s rotation, three years longer than the Coalition had planned. My mother told me about the time our family watched the last sunset. The sun sank very slowly, as if stuck on the horizon. It took three days and three nights to set all the way. Of course, afterward there was no more “day” or “night”. The Eastern hemisphere was shrouded in perpetual dusk for a long time, maybe a decade or so. The sun lay just below the horizon, and its glow filled half the sky. And during that endless sunset, I was born.
地球自转刹车用了四十二年,比联合政府的计划长了三年。妈妈给我讲过我们全家看最后一个日落的情景,太阳落得很慢,仿佛在地平线上停住了,用了三天三夜才落下去。当然,以后没有“天”也没有“夜”了,东半球在相当长的一段时间里(有十几年吧)将处于永远的黄昏中,因为太阳在地平线下并没落深,还在半边天上映出它的光芒。就在那次漫长的日落中,我出生了。
Dusk did not mean darkness. The Earth Engines brightly illuminated the whole Northern hemisphere. They had been installed all across Asia and North America—only the solid plate structure of these two continents could withstand the enormous thrust they exerted. In total, there were 12,000 engines scattered across the Eurasian and North American plains.
黄昏并不意味着昏暗,地球发动机把整个北半球照得通明。地球发动机安装在亚洲和美洲大陆上,因为只有这两个大陆完整坚实的板块结构才能承受发动机对地球巨大的推力。地球发动机共有一万二千台,分布在亚洲和美洲大陆的各个平原上。
From where I lived, I could see the bright plasma beams of hundreds of engines. Imagine an enormous palace, as big as the Parthenon on the Acropolis. Inside the palace, countless massive columns rise up to the vaulted ceiling, each one blazing with the blue-white light of a fluorescent tube. And you, you are just a germ on the palace’s floor. That was the world I lived in.
从我住的地方,可以看到几百台发动机喷出的等离子体光柱。你想像一个巨大的宫殿,有雅典卫城上的神殿那么大,殿中有无数根顶天立地的巨柱,每根柱子像一根巨大的日光灯管那样发出蓝白色的强光。而你,是那巨大宫殿地板上的一个细菌,这样,你就可以想像到我所在的世界是什么样子了。
将要来临的氦闪爆发
Finally, we glimpsed the gut-chilling flame. At first, it was just a point of light on the horizon, but it quickly grew into a blazing arc. I felt my throat close up in terror. It seemed as if the deck beneath my feet had suddenly vanished. I was falling into the blackness of the sea, falling... Linger fell with me, her spindly frame quivering against mine. Our classmates, everyone else, even the entire world fell into the abyss. Then I remembered the riddle. I had asked our philosophy teacher what color the wall was. He told me that it was black. I thought he was wrong. I always imagined the wall of death would be bright as fresh snow. That was why I had remembered it when I saw the wall of plasma. In this era, death was no longer black. It was the color of lightning, and when that final bolt struck, the world would be vaporized in an instant.
终于,我们看到了那令人胆寒的火焰,开始时只是天水连线上的一个亮点,很快增大,渐渐显示出了圆弧的形状。这时,我感到自己的喉咙被什么东西掐住了,恐惧使我窒息,脚下的甲板仿佛突然消失,我在向海的深渊坠下去,坠下去……和我一起下坠的还有灵儿,她那蛛丝般柔弱的小身躯紧贴着我颤抖着;还有其他孩子,其他的所有人,整个世界,都在下坠。这时我又想起了那个谜语,我曾问过哲学老师,那堵墙是什么颜色的,他说应该是黑色的。我觉得不对,我想像中的死亡之墙应该是雪亮的,这就是为什么那道等离子体墙让我想起了它。这个时代,死亡不再是黑色的,它是闪电的颜色,当那最后的闪电到来时,世界将在瞬间变成蒸汽。
Over three centuries ago, astrophysicists discovered the conversion rate of hydrogen to helium in the interior of the Sun was accelerating. They launched thousands of probes straight into the Sun to investigate, and eventually developed a precise mathematical model of the star.
三个多世纪前,天体物理学家们就发现这太阳内部氢转化为氦的速度突然加快,于是他们发射了上万个探测器穿过太阳,最终建立了这颗恒星完整精确的数学模型。
逃亡计划
Humanity’s escape was a five-step process. First, the Earth Engines would generate thrust in the opposite direction of Earth’s movement, halting its rotation. Second, operating at full capacity, the engines would accelerate Earth until it reached escape velocity, flinging it from the solar system. Third, Earth would continue to accelerate as it flew through outer space toward Proxima Centauri. Fourth, the engines would reverse direction, restarting Earth’s rotation and decelerating gradually. Fifth, Earth would enter into orbit around Proxima Centauri, becoming its satellite. People called these five steps the “Braking Era”, the “Deserting Era”, the “First Wandering Era” (during acceleration), the “Second Wandering Era” (during deceleration), and the “Neosolar Era”.
人类的逃亡分为五步:第一步,用地球发动机使地球停止转动,使发动机喷口固定在地球运行的反方向;第二步,全功率开动地球发动机,使地球加速到逃逸速度,飞出太阳系;第三步,在外太空继续加速,飞向比邻星;第四步,在中途使地球重新自转,掉转发动机方向,开始减速;第五步,地球泊入比邻星轨道,成为这颗恒星的卫星。人们把这五步分别称为刹车时代、逃逸时代、流浪时代Ⅰ(加速)、流浪时代Ⅱ(减速)、新太阳时代。
The entire migration process was projected to last 2,500 years, over one hundred generations.
整个移民过程将延续两千五百年时间,一百代人。
太阳危机下的人类疏散
The carrying capacity of the lifts was very limited. It would take ages to move all three hundred and sixty thousand residents to safety, but there was no need to scramble for a place on the lifts. The Coalition’s Emergency Act had made all necessary arrangements for the evacuation.
升降梯的载运量很小,要把这座城市的36万人运出去需要很长时间,但也没有必要去争夺生存的机会,联合政府的危急法把一切都安排好了。
Past generations once grappled with an ethical dilemma. A man is faced by rising floodwaters and can only save one other person. In this situation, should he save his father or his son? In this day and age, it was unbelievable that the question had ever been raised at all.
古代曾有过一个伦理学问题:当洪水到来时,一个只能救走一个人的男人,是去救他的父亲呢,还是去救他的儿子?在这个时代的人看来,提出这个问题很不可理解。
When I arrived in the plaza, I saw that people had already begun to arrange themselves in a long line according to age. At the front of the line, closest to the lifts, stood robotic nurses, each cradling an infant. Then came the kindergartners, followed by the primary school students. My place was in the middle of the line, still rather close to the front. My father was on duty in low-Earth orbit, leaving only my mother and myself in the city. Unable to see her, I began to run along the unending line of people, but I had not run far before I was stopped by soldiers. I knew she stood at the very back.
当我到达中心广场时,看到人们已按年龄排起了长长的队。最靠近电梯口的是由机器人保育员抱着的婴儿,然后是幼儿园的孩子,再往后是小学生……我排在队伍中间靠前的部分。爸爸现在在近地轨道值班,城里只有我和妈妈,我现在看不到妈妈,就顺着长长的队伍跑,没跑多远就被士兵拦住了。我知道她在最后一段。
在电影里,地下城的舞狮、捏糖人、打麻将都有呈现,大刘说电影将中国人对故土和家的情感在太空尺度上展示了出来。
然而在小说创作的时候,他告诉《三声》:
“科幻文学最珍贵的一点是,在科幻文学里,人类是作为一个整体出现的,它里面的种族特征并不那么强烈,这也是最让我珍视的一点。所以从我自己的角度来说,通过科幻展示中华文化的某些东西,并不是我的目的。但我作为一个中国人,血液里就渗透着中华文化的基因,不用特意彰显,肯定有。”
“就说《流浪地球》,我选择这种方式逃离,我当时并没有任何意识,别人提醒我我才发现的,这是典型的中华思维,表现了中华文化的故土情结、回乡情结。但是我写的时候,并没有意识到。直到最近拍成了电影,我才意识到。”
他还说,这次是把对世界末日的思考,第一次带入了中国电影。
“中国以前没有这个概念。这是很大的突破。这个突破在于,世界末日在世界电影屡见不鲜,但这次是把中国的文化和情感,放在了世界末日里面。”
前些日子,中国科技馆宣布永久馆藏《流浪地球》电影,这是它首次收藏电影作品。
当时有科学家在现场。
中国国家航天局探月与航天工程中心科技质量处处长、嫦娥四号任务核心论证专家王倩说,影片展现了地球作为人类命运共同体的载体,体现了生命的传承、文化的传承和爱的传承。
除了已经有英文版、将要有德语版等更多版权的《流浪地球》原著小说,另外推荐一本书,叫《流浪地球电影制作手记》。
这是一本对“零突破”的纪录。导演郭帆说,该片有3000张概念设计图,8000张分镜头画稿,10000件道具,100000延展平米实景搭建,人员涉及7000多人。书中有一些记录和制图。
据说该片70%以上特效是国产特效公司做的,剩下的也是中外合资公司制作的。
该片花了8个月建立“世界观”。编剧们把从今天到100年之后的世界都描绘一遍。还请了4位中科院科学家协助。
这里有一段视频,“创想特辑”,特辑中影片原著兼监制刘慈欣以第一人称视角口述了想象成为影像的感受,带领我们走进了影片幕后,空间站、太空舱、地下城、运载车悉数呈现。
点击观看↓《流浪地球》创想特辑
https://v.qq.com/x/page/z0827lddxql.html
Gautham Shenoy认为116年来中国的科幻迈了好几大步,不仅在国内也在国际上很受欢迎势头很猛。还称科幻文学为继功夫之后,中国又一大文化输出。中国科幻进军西方市场的旅程,才要刚刚开始。
116 years later, science fiction in – and from – the People’s Republic of China has come a long way since then, to become what is arguably the most popular genre of literature in China and with translations of Chinese science fiction picking up pace and finding a ready and eager audience – to the extent that some have even referred to it China’s greatest cultural export since kung fu – one can safely say that Chinese SF’s journey to the west (and elsewhere) has only just begun, with its star showing no signs of diminishing.
感谢中国教育图书进出口有限公司(China Educational Publications Import & Export Corporation)提供《流浪地球》英文版,英文版翻译Elizabeth Hanlon。
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